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D. Jena ¹, S. C. Nayak ¹, A. K. Dash ¹, B. Mohanty ¹, B. Jena ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar (Orissa), IN

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted in an iron toxic soil (Aeric Haplaquept) to study the effect of fly ash, lime, potash, zinc and manganese on yield and iron content of rice plant. Symptoms of iron toxicity were appeared at 25-30 days after transplanting (DAT) and bronzing symptoms were scored as per IRRI standards (1-6 scale). The score values ranged from 3-8 in susceptible Jajati variety and from 1-3 in tolerant Mahsuri variety. The mean grain yield and iron concentration in leaf ranged from 19.04 to 24.29 q ha^-1 and 719.10-936.85 ppm, respectively with application of NPK only (control). By application of different soil amendments the grain yield increased by 10.93 to 63.95 per cent and iron content in plant reduced by 2.73 to 43.04 per cent over control. Among the soil amendments lime and zinc were found superior to other soil amendments. However, fly ash, a by product of thermal power plant with high silica content can be used as a low cost amendment for correction of iron toxicity.

Keywords

Iron Toxicity, Tolerance to Iron, Soil Amendments, Integrated Approach.

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D. Jena ¹, A. K. Dash ¹, K. K. Bandyopadhayay ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar (Orissa), IN
2 Central Institute for Cotton Research, Regional Station, Marutha Mallain Main Road, Coimbatore (T.N.), IN

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted during 2005 and 2006 in the Research Farm of the Regional Research Station, Motto of North Eastern Coastal plain zone of Orissa to study the performance of different forms of urea viz., Prilled Urea (PU), Nimin Coated Prilled Urea (NCPU), Urea Super Granule (USG) and combination of both USG and PU on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of rice. Results revealed that application of 57 kg N ha^-1 as USG at 7 Days after transplanting (DAT) and 19 kg N ha^-1 as PU at PI stage resulted in maximum grain and straw yields, maximum N uptake and agronomic N use efficiency. Application of USG 57 and 76 kg N ha^-1 registered significantly higher grain yield over PU by 26% and 18%, respectively. Application of NCPU and USG improved the N uptake, agronomic N use efficiency and apparent N recovery over PU application.

Keywords

Urea Super Granule, Nimin Coated Prilled Urea, Prilled Urea, Nitrogen Use Efficiency.

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D. Jena ¹, A. K. Dash ², R. Yerra ¹, B. Mohanty ¹, B. Jena ¹, S. K. Mukhi ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar (Orissa), IN
2 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar (Orissa), IN

Abstract

Sewage water of Bhubaneswar city is being used as a source of irrigation in E-block of Central Farm, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar for cultivation of different crops since last three decades. A study was carried during 2005 to characterise sewage water (SW) and its impact on soil properties, essential nutrients and heavy metal content in leaf of crop plants. Sewage water samples, sewage water irrigated soils and leaf of plants of rice, mustard, sunflower, maize, tomato, grain amaranthus, cabbage, cauliflower, brinjal, lady’s finger and water hyacinth(sewage channel) were collected and analysed for different plant nutrients and heavy metals. The data revealed that SW samples were non saline, acidic in reaction (pH 6.5-6.89) and had optimal level of BOD (48-55 mgl^-1) and COD (90 -105 mg l ^-1).The concentration of cations were in the order of Ca >Mg >Na >K. Residual sodium carbonate was nil. Based on SAR and EC rating, SW belonged to C1S1 category. Concentration of NH₄-N, NO₃-N, PO₄, Zn and B ranged from 48.3-52.6, 8.1-8.3, 2.4-2.5, 1.5-2.5 and 0.7-0.75 mgl^-1, respectively. Concentration of heavy metals was in the order of As > Pb >Hg >Ni >Co > Cd >Se. Available N, P₂O₅, K₂O and SO₄-S content of sewage water irrigated soils were higher than normal soil. The DTPA extractable Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo and B ranged between 63.3 to 122.2,13.4 to 62.6, 3.6 to 44.7 ,2.4 to 11.6, 3.8 to 4.0 and 0.52 to 1.15 mgl^-1 in SW soils and 60.6,15.1,0.8 ,0.8,0.6 and 0.52 mgl^-1 in normal soil, respectively. DTPA extractable heavy metals in SW soils were in order of As >Se > Pb > Cr >Ni >Hg > Cd. The leaf of crop plants grown in SW soils had toxic amounts of Fe, B and Mo. Toxic concentration of Zn and Cu were present in cabbage and cauliflower only. The concentration of Cd, Pb and Cr in rice, mustard, sunflower, maize, tomato, grain amaranthus, cabbage, cauliflower, brinjal and lady’s finger were below upper level of phytotoxicity. Maximum accumulation of Co and Hg was in cabbage and cauliflower. Grain amaranthus and water hyacinth contained higher amount of Ni and Se. Contents of heavy metals in leaf of crops grown in normal soils were lower than SW irrigated soils. Based on ISI standard, it is recommended to use sewage water of Bhubaneswar for irrigation after pre-treatment.

Keywords

Sewage Water, Sewage Irrigated Soils, Micronutrients, Heavy Metals.

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P. K. Das ¹, D. Jena ², B. Jena ², B. Mohanty ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar (Orissa), IN
2 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar (Orissa), IN

Abstract

A laboratory investigation was carried out to study the effect of lime applied with and without gypsum on the changes in adsorbed and soluble SO₄ ^2- at different time intervals in two Alfisols of Orissa. Lime was applied @ 0 and 0.3 LR with three different combinations of sulphur i.e. 0, 20 and 40 μg g^-1 through gypsum. The soils were incubated for a period of 60 days. Soil pH, after liming, increased by 0.3 to 0.6 unit in Dhenkanal soil and 0.4 to 0.9 unit in Jharsuguda soil at different days of the incubation period in different treatments. Soil pH either remained constant or decreased slightly with application of gypsum. There was a significant reduction in exchangeable H+ and Al⁺⁺⁺ after liming. Effect of gypsum on the changes in exchangeable H+ and Al⁺⁺⁺ was insignificant. Application of lime decreased the adsorbed SO₄ ^2- -S by 20.3 to 58.1 % and 30.9 to 47.5 % and increased the soluble by 14.3 to 99.3% and 21.3 to 125.4% in Dhenkanal and Jharsuguda soils, respectively in different treatments at different days of the incubation period. However, adsorbed, soluble and (adsorbed + soluble) were higher in the lime + gypsum treated soils than in the lime treated soils only. There were irregular changes in adsorbed, soluble and (adsorbed + soluble) with increasing days of the incubation period.

Keywords

Alfisol, Lime, Gypsum, Soil pH, Adsorbed SO₄ ^2--S, Soluble.

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C. Devadarshini ¹, D. Jena ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Community Science, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar (Odisha), IN

Abstract

In Indian society, women have a multi dimensional role. The largest number of women in India is engaged in farming operations either as cultivators or as supervisors or as agricultural labourers. A study was conducted to assess the socio-economic status of women in agriculture in coastal districts of Odisha during the year 2013-14. The findings suggested that majority of the farmers (63.14 %) were under BPL ( Below Poverty Line). When male wage rate was compared to female wage rate for agricultural activities, females represented a lower value Rs. 186.66/day compared to male workers (Rs. 235.57±15.31), and it was statistically significant (Z=11.71**, p<0.01) for male workers. The average total monthly income of the household was Rs. 3459.74. Women were earning less for both in agricultural (Rs. 292.33) and non-agricultural activity (Rs. 244.68) compared to male farmers (Rs. 859.96 for agriculture and Rs. 704.72 for non agricultural activity). The study clearly showed that there was gender inequality in case income of the women between the male and the female farmers.

Keywords

Socio-economic status, Farm women

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